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Cold yakadzvanywa organic jojoba oiri jojoba mbeu inotakura mafuta ekuchengetedza ganda
Mamiriro makuru emafuta chaiwo eJojoba ndeye Palmitic Acid, Erucic Acid, Oleic Acid, uye Gadoleic Acid. Mafuta eJojoba anewo mavhitamini akapfuma seVitamin E uye Vitamin B yakaoma.
Wakisi yechirimwa cheJojoba Plant ine ruvara rwegoridhe. Jojoba herbal oil ine hunhu hwema nutty uye inodiwa kuwedzera kune Personal Care zvigadzirwa zvakaita semafuta, makeup, shampoo, nezvimwewo. Jojoba herbal medicinal oil inogona kuiswa zvakananga paganda reSunburn, Psoriasis, uye Acne. Mafuta eJojoba akachena anosimudzira Kukura kwebvudzi zvakare.
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Natural Pure Organic Lavender Essential Oiri yeAromatherapy kuchengetedza ganda
Kubvisa kana Kugadzira Nzira:Steam yakanyungudika
Distillation Extraction chikamu:Ruva
Kwakabva nyika: China
Kushandisa: Diffuse/aromatherapy/massage
Sherufu upenyu:3 makore
Customized sevhisi:custom label uye bhokisi kana sezvinodiwa zvako
Certification: GMPC/FDA/ISO9001/MSDS/COA
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100% Yakachena Natural Organic Magnoliae Officmalis Cortex Oiri Yakakosha Mafuta Ekuchengetedza Ganda
Kunhuhwirira kwaHou Po kunobva kwavava uye kunopinza zvinopinza zvishoma nezvishoma nekudzika, kutapira uye kudziya.
Hou Po's affinity ndeyePasi neMetal zvinhu uko kupisa kunovava kunobata zvakasimba kudzika Qi uye kunyorova kwakaoma. Nekuda kwehunhu uhu, hunoshandiswa mukurapa kweChinese kudzoreredza kudzikama uye kuungana mudumbu rekudya pamwe nekukosora nekufemera pamusoro nekuda kwephlegm inovharira mapapu.
Magnolia Officinials muti unodonha unobva kumakomo nemipata yeSichuan, Hubei nemamwe matunhu eChina. Iyo bark inonhuhwirira kwazvo inoshandiswa mumishonga yechinyakare yeChinese inobviswa kubva pamadzinde, matavi nemidzi Yakaunganidzwa muna Kubvumbi kusvika Chikumi. Makwati gobvu, anotsvedzerera, anoremerwa nemafuta, ane ruvara rwepepuru padivi remukati rine crystal yakaita sesheen.
Varapi vanogona kufunga kusanganisa Hou Po neQing Pi yakakosha oiri seyepamusoro rumbidzo mumisanganiswa ine chinangwa chekupwanya kuunganidza.
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OEM Tsika Package Natural Macrocephalae Rhizoma mafuta
Semushonga unoshanda wekemotherapeutic, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakurapa mamota anouraya mudumbu remudumbu, musoro, mutsipa, chifuva, uye ovary. Uye 5-FU ndiyo yekutanga-mutsara mushonga we colorectal cancer mukiriniki. Iyo yekuita maitiro e5-FU ndeyekuvhara shanduko yeuracil nucleic acid kuita thymine nucleic acid mumasero emudumbu, zvobva zvakanganisa synthesis uye kugadzirisa kweDNA neRNA kuti iite cytotoxic mhedzisiro (Afzal et al., 2009; Ducreux et. al., 2015; Longley et al., 2003). Nekudaro, 5-FU inogadzirawo chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID), imwe yeakajairika maitiro akashata anotambudza varwere vazhinji (Filho et al., 2016). Chiitiko chechirwere chechirwere muvarwere vanobatwa ne5-FU chakasvika ku50% -80%, iyo yakakanganisa zvakanyanya kufambira mberi uye kushanda kwekemotherapy (Iacovelli et al., 2014; Rosenoff et al., 2006). Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvakakosha zvakakosha kuwana kurapa kunoshanda kwe5-FU induced CID.
Parizvino, kupindira kusina zvinodhaka uye kupindira kwezvinodhaka zvakaendeswa kune kliniki kurapwa kweCID. Kupindira kusina zvinodhaka kunosanganisira kudya kwakanaka, uye kuwedzera nemunyu, shuga nezvimwe zvinovaka muviri. Zvinodhaka senge loperamide uye octreotide zvinowanzoshandiswa mukurwisa-manyoka kurapa kweCID (Benson et al., 2004). Pamusoro pezvo, ethnomedicines inotambirwawo kurapa CID neyavo yakasarudzika kurapa munyika dzakasiyana. Traditional Chinese mushonga (TCM) imwe yakajairika ethnomedicine yave ichiitwa kwemakore anopfuura 2000 munyika dzeEast Asia dzinosanganisira China, Japan neKorea (Qi et al., 2010). TCM inobata kuti chemotherapeutic mishonga inogona kukonzera Qi kushandiswa, kushomeka kwespleen, mudumbu kusagadzikana uye endophytic kunyorova, zvichikonzera kusashanda zvakanaka kwematumbo. Muchidzidzo cheTCM, nzira yekurapa yeCID inofanira kunyanya kuenderana nekuwedzera Qi uye kusimbisa spleen (Wang et al., 1994).
Midzi yakaomeswa yeAtractylodes macrocephalaKoidz. (AM) uyePanax ginsengCA Mey. (PG) ndiyo yakajairika mishonga yemakwenzi muTCM ine mhedzisiro yakafanana yekuwedzera Qi uye kusimbisa spleen (Li et al., 2014). AM uye PG zvinowanzo shandiswa senge herb pair (iyo yakapusa yeChinese herbal kuenderana) nemhedzisiro yekuwedzera Qi uye kusimbisa spleen kurapa manyoka. Semuenzaniso, AM uye PG zvakanyorwa mumhando dzekare dzekurwisa manyoka seShen Ling Bai Zhu San, Si Jun Zi Tang kubva.Taiping Huimin Heji Ju Fang(Rwiyo rwedzinza, China) uye Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang kubvaPi Wei Lun(Yuan Dynasty, China) (Mufananidzo 1). Zvidzidzo zvinoverengeka zvakapfuura zvakataura kuti ese matatu mafomula ane kugona kudzikisa CID (Bai et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2019; Gou et al., 2016). Pamusoro pezvo, ongororo yedu yapfuura yakaratidza kuti Shenzhu Capsule inongove ne AM uye PG ine zvinogona kuitika pakurapa manyoka, colitis (xiexie syndrome), uye zvimwe zvirwere zvemudumbu (Feng et al., 2018). Nekudaro, hapana chidzidzo chakakurukura nezve maitiro uye maitiro e AM nePG mukurapa CID, ingave musanganiswa kana yega.
Ikozvino gut microbiota inoonekwa sechinhu chinogona kuita mukunzwisisa nzira yekurapa yeTCM (Feng et al., 2019). Zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano zvinoratidza kuti gut microbiota inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza intestinal homeostasis. Hutano gut microbiota inobatsira mudumbu mucosal kudzivirira, metabolism, immune homeostasis uye mhinduro, uye pathogen kudzvinyirira (Thursby naJuge, 2017; Pickard et al., 2017). Disordered gut microbiota inokanganisa mashandiro emuviri uye immune yemuviri wemunhu zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga, zvichikonzera maitiro eparutivi semanyoka (Patel et al., 2016; Zhao naShen, 2010). Tsvagiridzo dzakaratidza kuti 5-FU yakashandura zvinoshamisa chimiro chegut microbiota mumanyoka mbeva (Li et al., 2017). Naizvozvo, mhedzisiro ye AM uye PM pa5-FU yakakonzera manyoka inogona kuyananidzwa negut microbiota. Nekudaro, ingave AM nePG chete uye musanganiswa inogona kudzivirira 5-FU yakakonzera manyoka nemodulating gut microbiota haisati yazivikanwa.
Kuti tiongorore maitiro ekurwisa-manyoka uye maitiro ari pasi pe AM nePG, takashandisa 5-FU kutevedzera manyoka emakonzo. Pano, takatarisa pane zvingangoitika zveiyo imwechete uye yakasanganiswa manejimendi (AP) yeAtractylodes macrocephalamafuta anokosha (AMO) uyePanax ginsengyakazara saponins (PGS), iyo inoshanda zvikamu zvakateerana zvakatorwa kubva ku AM uye PG, pane manyoka, intestinal pathology uye microbial chimiro mushure me5-FU chemotherapy.
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100% Yakachena Natural Eucommiae Foliuml Oiri Yakakosha Mafuta Ekuchengetedza Ganda
Eucommia ulmoides(EU) (inowanzonzi "Du Zhong" mumutauro weChinese) ndeyemhuri yeEucommiaceae, genus yemuti mudiki unowanikwa kuCentral China [1]. Chirimwa ichi chinorimwa zvakanyanya kuChina pamwero mukuru nekuda kwekukosha kwemushonga. Anosvika zana negumi nemaviri makomisheni akaparadzaniswa kubva kuEU anosanganisira lignans, iridoids, phenolics, steroids, uye mamwe makomisheni. Complementary herbs formula yechirimwa ichi (yakadai setii inonaka) yakaratidza zvimwe zvemishonga. Shizha reEU rine chiitiko chepamusoro chine chekuita necortex, ruva, uye michero [2,3]. Mashizha eEU anonzi anowedzera simba remapfupa uye tsandanyama dzemuviri [4], nokudaro zvichitungamirira kuupenyu hurefu uye kukurudzira kubereka muvanhu [5]. Inonaka yetii formula yakagadzirwa kubva pashizha reEU inonzi inoderedza kukora uye kuwedzera simba metabolism. Flavonoid compounds (senge rutin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, uye caffeic acid) inonzi inoratidzira antioxidants mumashizha eEU.6].
Kunyangwe pakave nemabhuku akakwana ezve phytochemical properties yeEU, zvidzidzo zvishomanana zvakadaro zvaivepo pamishonga yemishonga yemakomisheni akasiyana-siyana anotorwa mumakwati, mhodzi, madzinde, nemashizha eEU. Iri bepa rekuongorora richajekesa ruzivo rwakadzama maererano neakasiyana makomisheni akatorwa kubva muzvikamu zvakasiyana (makwati, mhodzi, dzinde, uye shizha) zveEU uye mashandisirwo anotarisirwa emakemikari aya mukusimudzira hutano zvivakwa zvine humbowo hwesainzi uye nekudaro kupa chinongedzo. yekushandiswa kweEU.
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Yakachena Natural Houttuynia cordata mafuta Houttuynia Cordata Mafuta Lchthamolum Mafuta
Munyika zhinji dziri kusimukira, 70-95% yevagari vanovimba nemishonga yechivanhu pakurapa kwekutanga uye kubva muzvikamu makumi masere neshanu kubva muzana zvevanhu vanoshandisa zvirimwa kana zvimedu zvawo sechinhu chinoshanda.1] Kutsvaga kwemishonga mitsva yezvipenyu kubva muzvirimwa kunowanzoenderana nerudzi uye ruzivo rwechivanhu rwunowanikwa kubva kune varapi venzvimbo uye ichiri kutorwa sechinhu chakakosha chekuwanikwa kwezvinodhaka. MuIndia, mishonga ingangoita 2000 ndeyomumiti.2] Nekuona kufarira kwakapararira pakushandisa mishonga yemishonga, ongororo iripo pamusoroHouttuynia cordataThunb. inopa ruzivo rwemazuva ano maererano ne botanical, commercial, ethnopharmacological, phytochemical uye pharmacological zvidzidzo zvinowanikwa mumabhuku.H. cordataThunb. ndewemhuriSaururiceaeuye inowanzozivikanwa seChinese dzvinyu muswe. Mushonga usingaperi une stoloniferous rhizome ine maviri akasiyana chemotypes.3,4] ChiChinese chemotype yemhando inowanikwa munzvimbo dzesango uye semi-musango kuNorth-East yeIndia kubva muna Kubvumbi kusvika Gunyana.5,6,7]H. cordatainowanikwa muIndia, kunyanya muBrahmaputra mupata weAssam uye inoshandiswa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana eAssam nenzira yemiriwo pamwe chete nemishonga yakasiyana-siyana tsika.
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100% PureArctium lappa mafuta Mugadziri - Natural Lime Arctium lappa mafuta ane Quality Assurance Certificates
Utano Benefits
Mudzi weBurdock unowanzo kudyiwa, zvakadaro, unogonawo kuomeswa uye kunyudzwa mutii. Inoshanda zvakanaka sechitubu che inulin, aprebioticfiber inobatsira kugaya uye inovandudza hutano hwematumbo. Uyezve, mudzi uyu une flavonoids (zvinovaka muviri),phytochemicals, uye antioxidants iyo inozivikanwa kuva nehutano hunobatsira.
Mukuwedzera, burdock midzi inogona kupa mamwe mabhenefiti akadai:
Deredza Kuzvimba Kusingaperi Burdock midzi ine akati wandei antioxidants, akadai quercetin, phenolic acids, uye luteolin, izvo zvinogona kubatsira kudzivirira masero ako kubva.free radicals. Aya ma antioxidants anobatsira kuderedza kuzvimba mumuviri wese.
Ngozi dzehutano
Burdock mudzi unoonekwa wakachengeteka kudya kana kunwa setii. Nekudaro, chirimwa ichi chinoda kufanana nezvirimwa zvebelladonna nightshade, zvine chepfu. Zvinokurudzirwa kutenga burdock mudzi kubva kune vanovimbika vatengesi uye worega kuitora wega. Pamusoro pezvo, pane ruzivo rudiki pamhedzisiro yaro muvana kana vakadzi vane pamuviri. Taura nachiremba wako usati washandisa burdock mudzi nevana kana iwe uri nepamuviri.
Heano dzimwe njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzehutano dzekufunga kana uchishandisa burdock midzi:
Kuwedzera Dehydration
Burdock midzi inoita seyakasikwa diuretic, iyo inogona kutungamirira kukupera mvura. Kana iwe ukatora mapiritsi emvura kana mamwe diuretics, haufaniri kutora burdock midzi. Kana iwe ukatora mishonga iyi, zvakakosha kuziva mamwe madhiragi, mishonga, uye zvigadzirwa zvinogona kutungamirira kukupera mvura.
Allergic Reaction
Kana iwe uine hanya kana uine nhoroondo yeallergic reactions kune daisies, ragweed, kana chrysanthemums, iwe uri panjodzi yakawedzera yeallergic reaction kune burdock midzi.
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Wholesale mutengo 100% Pure AsariRadix Et Rhizoma mafuta Relax Aromatherapy Eucalyptus globulus
Mhuka uye in vitro zvidzidzo zvakaongorora zvinogona antifungal, anti-kuzvimba, uye zvemoyo zvinokonzerwa nesassafras uye zvikamu zvayo. Nekudaro, miedzo yekiriniki inoshaikwa, uye sassafras hainzi yakachengeteka kuti ishandiswe. Safrole, iyo inonyanya kukosha yesassafras midzi bark nemafuta, yakarambidzwa neUnited States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), kusanganisira kushandiswa sechinhu chinonhuwira kana kunhuhwirira, uye haifaniri kushandiswa mukati kana kunze, sezvo inogona kukonzera carcinogenic. Safrole yakashandiswa mukugadzirwa zvisiri pamutemo kwe3,4-methylene-dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), inozivikanwawo nemazita emumugwagwa "ecstasy" kana "Molly," uye kutengeswa kwemafuta esafrole uye sassafras anotariswa neUS Drug Enforcement Administration.
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Mutengo wakawanda 100% Pure Stellariae Radix yakakosha mafuta (itsva) Relax Aromatherapy Eucalyptus globulus
Iyo Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) inoda kuti methanol yakatorwa yeYCH haifanirwe kunge iri pasi pe20.0% [2], pasina humwe hutano hwekuongorora zviratidzo hunotsanangurwa. Mhedzisiro yechidzidzo ichi inoratidza kuti zviri mukati memethanol yakatorwa yemusango uye yakarimwa samples zvese zvakasangana neiyo pharmacopoeia standard, uye pakanga pasina musiyano wakakosha pakati pawo. Naizvozvo, pakanga pasina mutsauko wemhando pakati pemasampuli emusango uye akarimwa, maererano neiyo index. Nekudaro, zviri mukati meiyo yakazara sterols uye yakazara flavonoids mumasampunzi emusango aive akanyanya kukwirira kupfuura ayo ari mumasampuri akarimwa. Kumwe kuongorora kwemetabolomic kwakaratidza kuwanda kwemetabolite siyana pakati pemusango uye akarimwa samples. Pamusoro pezvo, 97 akasiyana akasiyana metabolites akaongororwa kunze, ayo akanyorwa muYekuwedzera Tafura S2. Pakati peizvi zvakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvemetabolites ndeye β-sitosterol (ID ndeyeM397T42) uye quercetin derivatives (M447T204_2), iyo yakashumwa kuva inoshandiswa. Zvakanga zvisati zvambotaurwa, zvakadai se trigonelline (M138T291_2), betaine (M118T277_2), fustin (M269T36), rotenone (M241T189), arctiin (M557T165) uye loganic acid (M399T284 yakasiyana), metabolis yakabatanidzwawo. Izvi zvikamu zvinotamba mabasa akasiyana-siyana mu-anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, scavening free radicals, anti-cancer uye kurapa atherosclerosis uye, naizvozvo, inogona kuumba putative novel inoshanda zvikamu muYCH. Zviri mukati mezvishandiso zvinoshandiswa zvinotarisa kushanda uye kunaka kwemishonga yemishonga [7]. Muchidimbu, methanol inobvisa seye chete YCH mhando yekuongorora indekisi ine zvimwe zvinogumira, uye mamwe chaiwo emhando mamaki anofanirwa kuongororwa. Pakanga pane misiyano yakakura mumasterols, yakazara flavonoids uye zviri mukati memamwe akawanda akasiyana metabolites pakati pemusango uye akarimwa YCH; saka, pakanga paine zvingangoita zvimwe zvekusiyana kwemhando pakati pavo. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo ichangobva kuwanikwa inogona kushanda muYCH inogona kuve yakakosha yereferensi kukosha kwekudzidza kweiyo inoshanda hwaro hweYCH uye nekumwe kusimudzira kweYCH zviwanikwa.
Kukosha kwemishonga yechokwadi kwagara kuchizivikanwa munharaunda chaiyo yekugadzira mishonga yemakwenzi yeChinese yemhando yepamusoro [8]. Hunhu hwepamusoro hunhu hwakakosha hwezvinhu zvechokwadi zvekurapa, uye pekugara chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kunaka kwezvinhu zvakadaro. Kubva pakatanga YCH kushandiswa semushonga, yagara ichitongwa neYCH yemusango. Kutevera kusimo kwakabudirira uye kuitwa mudzimba kweYCH muNingxia muma1980s, kwainobva Yinchaihu mishonga yemishonga zvishoma nezvishoma yakachinja kubva kusango kuenda kwairimwa YCH. Maererano nekuferefeta kwekare kune YCH masosi [9] uye kuferefetwa kwemumunda kweboka redu rekutsvagisa, pane misiyano yakakura munzvimbo dzekugovera dzezvakarimwa uye zvesango zvemishonga. Sango YCH inonyanya kugoverwa muNingxia Hui Autonomous Dunhu reShaanxi Province, padyo nenzvimbo yakaoma yeInner Mongolia uye nechepakati Ningxia. Kunyanya, nzvimbo yerenje munzvimbo idzi ndiyo yakanyanya kukodzera nzvimbo yekukura kweYCH. Kusiyana neizvi, iyo YCH yakarimwa inonyanya kugoverwa kumaodzanyemba kwenzvimbo yekugovera yesango, seTongxin County (Inorimwa I) nenzvimbo dzayo dzakatenderedza, iyo yave nzvimbo huru yekurima nekugadzira muChina, uye Pengyang County (Yakarimwa II) , iyo iri munzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba uye iri imwe nzvimbo inorimwa YCH. Uyezve, nzvimbo dzekugara dzenzvimbo mbiri dziri pamusoro dzakarimwa hadzisi gwenga. Naizvozvo, mukuwedzera kune maitiro ekugadzira, kune zvakare misiyano yakakura munzvimbo yekugara yemusango uye yakarimwa YCH. Habitat chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kunaka kwemishonga yemakwenzi. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekugara dzichakanganisa kuumbwa uye kuunganidzwa kwechipiri metabolites mumiti, nokudaro zvichikanganisa kunaka kwemishonga yemishonga [10,11]. Nokudaro, kusiyana kwakakosha kwezviri mukati meflavonoid yakazara uye yakazara sterols uye kutaura kwe53 metabolites yatakawana muchidzidzo ichi inogona kuva mugumisiro wekutarisira munda uye kusiyana kwekugara.Imwe yenzira huru idzo nharaunda inopesvedzera kunaka kwemishonga yemishonga ndeyekuita kushushikana pazvinobva zvinomera. Kushungurudzika kwepakati pezvakatipoteredza kunowanzokurudzira kuunganidzwa kwechipiri metabolites [12,13]. Kukura/kusiyanisa kuenzanisa hypothesis inotaura kuti, kana kudya kuri kukwana, zvirimwa zvinokura zvakanyanya, nepo chikafu chikashaikwa, zvinomera zvinonyanya kusiyanisa uye kugadzira mamwe echipiri metabolites [14]. Kusanaya kwemvura kunokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwemvura ndiko kushushikana kukuru kwezvakatipoteredza kunotarisana nezvirimwa munzvimbo dzakaoma. Muchidzidzo ichi, mamiriro emvura yeYCH yakarimwa yakawanda, uye gore negore mazinga ekunaya akakwirira zvakanyanya kudarika ayo emusango YCH (mvura yeKurimwa I yakaenzana ne2 iyo yeWild; Yakarimwa II yaive yakapetwa ka3.5 iyo yeWild ) Mukuwedzera, ivhu remusango ivhu rejecha, asi ivhu rekurima ivhu revhu. Kana ichienzaniswa nevhu, ivhu rejecha harina simba rekuchengetedza mvura uye rinowanzoita kuti kusanaya kwemvura kuwedzere. Panguva imwe cheteyo, nzira yokurima yaiwanzoperekedzwa nokudiridza, naizvozvo mwero wokusanaya kwemvura wakanga wakaderera. Yemusango YCH inokura munzvimbo dzakaomarara dzechisikigo dzakaoma, uye nekudaro inogona kutambudzika zvakanyanya kusanaya kwemvura.Osmoregulation inzira yakakosha yefiziological iyo zvirimwa zvinotarisana nekusanaya kwemvura, uye alkaloids inokosha osmotic regulators mumiti yakakwirira.15]. Betaines inonyungudika nemvura alkaloid quaternary ammonium makomisheni uye inogona kuita seosmoprotectants. Kusanaya kwemvura kunogona kuderedza kukwanisa kweosmotic yemasero, nepo osmoprotectants inochengetedza uye inochengetedza chimiro uye kuvimbika kwebiological macromolecules, uye zvinobudirira kuderedza kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekusanaya kwemvura kumiti [16]. Semuenzaniso, pasi pekusanaya kwekusanaya, iyo betaine yehuga beet uye Lycium barbarum yakawedzera zvakanyanya.17,18]. Trigonelline inodzora kukura kwesero, uye pasi pekusanaya kwekusanaya, inogona kuwedzera hurefu hwechirimwa sero kutenderera, inhibitsa kukura kwesero uye kutungamirira kune sero vhoriyamu shrinkage. Kuwedzera kwehukama mukusangana kwesolute muchitokisi kunoita kuti chirimwa chiwane osmotic regulation uye kuwedzera kugona kwayo kurwisa kusanaya kwemvura [19]. JIA X [20] vakawana kuti, nekuwedzera kwekusanaya kwemvura, Astragalus membranaceus (tsime remishonga yechinyakare yeChinese) yakagadzira trigonelline yakawanda, iyo inoshanda kugadzirisa kugona kweosmotic uye kuvandudza kugona kurwisa kusanaya kwemvura. Flavonoids yakaratidzawo kuita basa rakakosha mukurwisa kwechirimwa kusanaya kwemvura [21,22]. Nhamba huru yezvidzidzo yakasimbisa kuti kusanaya kwemvura kwakadzikama kwakakonzera kuunganidzwa kweflavonoids. Lang Duo-Yong et al. [23] akaenzanisa migumisiro yekusanaya kwemvura paYCH nekudzora simba rekuchengetedza mvura mumunda. Zvakaonekwa kuti kusanaya kwemvura kwakadzivisa kukura kwemidzi kune imwe nhanho, asi mune imwe nguva uye yakaoma kusanaya kwemvura (40% yemvura yemunda inobata simba), iyo yose ye flavonoid content muYCH yakawedzera. Zvichakadaro, pasi pekusanaya kwekusanaya, phytosterols inogona kuita kudzora sero membrane fluidity uye permeability, inhibit kurasikirwa kwemvura uye kuvandudza kusagadzikana kusagadzikana [24,25]. Naizvozvo, kuwedzera kuunganidzwa kwese flavonoids, yakazara sterols, betaine, trigonelline uye mamwe echipiri metabolites musango YCH angave ane chekuita nekusanaya kwekusanaya kwemvura.Muchidzidzo ichi, KEGG nzira yekuvandudza ongororo yakaitwa pamatabolites akawanikwa akasiyana zvakanyanya pakati pemusango uye akarimwa YCH. Iyo yakafumiswa metabolites yaisanganisira avo vanobatanidzwa munzira dze ascorbate uye aldarate metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, histidine metabolism uye beta-alanine metabolism. Idzi nzira dzemetabolism dzine hukama zvakanyanya nekudyara kusagadzikana kwemaitiro nzira. Pakati pavo, ascorbate metabolism inoita basa rinokosha mukugadzirwa kwe antioxidant, kabhoni uye nitrogen metabolism, kusagadzikana kwepfungwa uye mamwe mabasa ehupenyu.26]; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis inzira yakakosha yekugadzira mapuroteni [27,28], iyo inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kweprotein isingadzivisiki. Zvose histidine uye β-alanine nzira dzinogona kuwedzera kushivirira kwechirimwa kune kushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza [29,30]. Izvi zvakare zvinoratidza kuti kusiyana kwematabolites pakati pemusango uye yakasimwa YCH yaive yakabatana zvakanyanya nemaitiro ekudzvinyirira kusagadzikana.Ivhu ndiro hwaro hwezvinhu zvekukura nekuvandudzwa kwemiti yemishonga. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) ne potassium (K) muvhu zvinhu zvakakosha zvekudya pakukura nekukura kwembesa. Ivhu organic zvinhu zvakare ine N, P, K, Zn, Ca, Mg uye mamwe macroelements uye trace elements inodiwa pamiti yemishonga. Kuwedzeredza kana kushomeka kudya kunovaka muviri, kana kusaenzana kwehuwandu hwekudya, kuchakanganisa kukura nekukura uye kunaka kwemishonga yemishonga, uye zvirimwa zvakasiyana zvine zvinovaka zvakasiyana zvinodiwa [31,32,33]. Semuenzaniso, kuderera kweN kushushikana kwakasimudzira kuumbwa kwealkaloids muIsatis indigotica, uye kwaive kwakanakira kuunganidzwa kweflavonoids mumiti yakadai seTetrastigma hemsleyanum, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge uye Dichondra repens Forst. Kusiyana neizvi, N yakawandisa yakadzivisa kuunganidzwa kweflavonoids mumarudzi akadai seErigeron breviscapus, Abrus canntoniensis uye Ginkgo biloba, uye yakakanganisa kunaka kwemishonga.34]. Kushandiswa kweP fetiraiza kwakabudirira mukuwedzera zvirimo zve glycyrrhizic acid uye dihydroacetone muUral licorice [35]. Apo mari yekushandiswa yakapfuura 0 · 12 kg · m-2, iyo yose flavonoid yemukati muTussilago farfara yakaderera [36]. Kuiswa kwefetereza yeP kwakakanganisa zviri mukati mepolysaccharides mumishonga yechivanhu yechiChinese rhizoma polygonati [37], asi fetereza yeK yaibudirira mukuwedzera ma<em>saponins [38]. Kuisa 450 kg·hm−2 K fetereza ndiyo yaive yakanakisa pakukura nekuunganidza saponin yePanax notoginseng ane makore maviri ekuberekwa [39]. Pasi pechiyero cheN: P: K = 2: 2: 1, huwandu hwehuwandu hwe hydrothermal extract, harpagide uye harpagoside dzaive dzakakwirira [40]. Chiyero chepamusoro cheN, P uye K chaibatsira kukurudzira kukura kwePogostemon cablin uye kuwedzera zvinyorwa zvemafuta anopisa. Chiyero chakaderera cheN, P uye K chakawedzera zviri mukati mezvikamu zvikuru zvinoshanda zvePogostemon cablin stem mafuta emashizha [41]. YCH inomera isingabereki-inoshivirira ivhu, uye inogona kunge iine zvinodiwa kune zvinovaka muviri zvakaita seN, P uye K. Muchidzidzo ichi, zvichienzaniswa neyakarimwa YCH, ivhu remusango YCH zvirimwa rakanga risingabereki: zviri mukati mevhu. yeorganic matter, N, yakazara P uye K yese yaive ingangoita 1/10, 1/2, 1/3 uye 1/3 iyo yemiti yakarimwa, zvichiteerana. Nokudaro, kusiyana kwekudya kwevhu kunogona kuva chimwe chikonzero chekusiyana kwemetabolites inowanikwa muYCH yakarimwa uye yemusango. Weibao Ma et al. [42] vakaona kuti kuiswa kweimwe huwandu hwefetereza yeN neP fetireza yakavandudza goho uye kunaka kwembeu. Nekudaro, mhedzisiro yezvinovaka muviri pamhando yeYCH haina kujeka, uye matanho ekuisa mafetiraiza ekuvandudza kunaka kwemishonga yemishonga inoda kumwe kudzidza.Mishonga yemakwenzi yeChinese ine maitiro ekuti "Nzvimbo dzakanaka dzinosimudzira goho, uye nzvimbo dzisina kunaka dzinovandudza kunaka" [43]. Mukati mekufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kusango kuenda kuYCH yakarimwa, nzvimbo yekugara yezvirimwa yakashanduka kubva kugwenga rakaoma uye risina chinhu kuenda kumunda wekurima wakaorera uine mvura yakawanda. Hugaro hweYCH yakarimwa huri pamusoro uye goho riri pamusoro, izvo zvinobatsira kuzadzisa kudiwa kwemusika. Zvisinei, iyi nzvimbo yepamusoro yakatungamirira kuchinja kukuru mumatabolites eYCH; kana izvi zvichibatsira kuvandudza kunaka kweYCH uye kuti ungawana sei kugadzirwa kwepamusoro kweYCH kuburikidza nesainzi-based kurima matanho kunoda kumwe kutsvagisa.Simulative habitat cultivation inzira yekufananidza mamiriro ekugara uye ezvakatipoteredza emiti yemishonga yemusango, zvichibva paruzivo rwekugadziriswa kwenguva refu kwezvirimwa kune zvakatipoteredza zvinonetsa [43]. Nokuenzanisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvakatipoteredza zvinokanganisa zvinomera zvesango, kunyanya nzvimbo yepakutanga yemiti inoshandiswa semabviro ezvinyorwa zvemishonga yechokwadi, nzira yacho inoshandisa dhizaini yesainzi uye kupindira kwevanhu kutsva kuenzanisa kukura uye chechipiri metabolism yemiti yemishonga yeChina [43]. Nzira idzi dzine chinangwa chekuzadzisa zvirongwa zvakakwana zvekugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro yemishonga yemishonga. Simulative kurima kwekugara kunofanirwa kupa nzira inoshanda yemhando yepamusoro yekugadzirwa kweYCH kunyangwe iyo pharmacodynamic hwaro, mhando mamaki uye nzira dzekupindura kune zvakatipoteredza zvinhu zvisina kujeka. Saizvozvo, isu tinokurudzira kuti dhizaini yesainzi uye nhanho dzekutarisira munda mukurima nekugadzirwa kweYCH kunofanirwa kuitwa maererano nemamiriro ekunze emusango YCH, sekuoma, kusabereka uye nejecha mamiriro evhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinotarisirwawo kuti vatsvakurudzi vachaita tsvakurudzo yakadzama pamusoro pezvinhu zvinoshanda uye zviratidzo zveYCH. Zvidzidzo izvi zvinogona kupa maitiro ekuongorora anoshanda eYCH, uye kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro uye kusimudzira kwakasimba kweindasitiri. -
Herbal Fructus Amomi mafuta Natural massage Diffusers 1kg Bulk Amomum villosum Akakosha mafuta
Mhuri yeZingiberaceae yakwezva kutarisisa kuri kuwedzera mukutsvagisa kwealelopathic nekuda kwemafuta akapfuma anoshanduka uye kunhuhwirira kwenhengo dzayo. Ongororo yapfuura yakaratidza kuti makemikari kubva kuCurcuma zedoaria (zedoary) [40], Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) BLBurtt & RMSm. [41] uye Zingiber officinale Rosc. [42] vemhuri yeginger vane allelopathic madhara pakumera kwembeu uye kukura kwembeu yechibage, lettuce nematomatisi. Chidzidzo chedu chemazuva ano ndicho chiziviso chekutanga pamusoro pebasa realelopathic rekuparara kubva pamatanda, mashizha, uye michero miduku yeA. villosum (nhengo yemhuri yeZingiberaceae). Mafuta emafuta emiti, mashizha, uye michero miduku yaiva 0.15%, 0.40%, uye 0.50%, zvichiteerana, zvichiratidza kuti michero yakabudisa huwandu hukuru hwemafuta anopisa kupfuura mashizha nemashizha. Izvo zvikamu zvikuru zvemafuta anopisa kubva pamatanda aiva β-pinene, β-phellandrene uye α-pinene, iyo yaiva muenzaniso wakafanana neyemakemikari makuru emafuta emashizha, β-pinene uye α-pinene (monoterpene hydrocarbons). Kune rumwe rutivi, mafuta muzvibereko zviduku akanga akapfuma mu bornyl acetate uye camphor (oxygenated monoterpenes). Zvigumisiro zvakatsigirwa nezvakawanikwa zveDo N Dai [30,32] uye Hui Ao [31] akanga aziva mafuta kubva kunhengo dzakasiyana dzeA. villosum.
Pakave nemishumo yakawanda pamusoro pekukura kwechirimwa inhibitory zviitiko zveaya macompounds makuru mune mamwe marudzi. Shalinder Kaur akawana kuti α-pinene kubva mueucalyptus yakadzvanya kureba kwemidzi uye kureba kweAmaranthus viridis L. pa1.0 μL43], uye imwe ongororo yakaratidza kuti α-pinene inhibited early root root and cause oxidative damage in root tissue through kuwedzera chizvarwa che reactive oxygen species [44]. Mimwe mishumo yakakakavara kuti β-pinene inhibited kumera uye kukura kwembeu yemasora ebvunzo nenzira inoenderana nedosi nekukanganisa kutendeka kwe membrane [45], kushandura biochemistry yechirimwa uye kuwedzera mabasa eperoxidases uye polyphenol oxidases [46]. β-Phellandrene yakaratidza kuvharidzira kwakanyanya kumera uye kukura kweVigna unguiculata (L.) Walp pamusangano we600 ppm [47], nepo, pahuwandu hwe 250 mg / m3, camphor yakadzvinyirira radicle uye kukura kwepfuti yeLepidium sativum L. [48]. Nekudaro, tsvakiridzo inoshuma iyo allelopathic mhedzisiro ye bornyl acetate ishoma. Muchidzidzo chedu, allelopathic mhedzisiro ye β-pinene, bornyl acetate uye camphor pakureba kwemidzi yakanga isina simba kupfuura yemafuta anopisa kunze kwea-pinene, nepo mafuta emashizha, akapfuma mu α-pinene, aivewo akanyanya phytotoxic kupfuura anowirirana anopisa. mafuta kubva kumadzinde nemichero yeA. villosum, zvese zvakawanikwa zvichiratidza kuti α-pinene ingave yakakosha kemikari yealelopathy nerudzi urwu. Panguva imwecheteyo, mhedzisiro yakaratidzawo kuti mamwe makomisheni mumafuta emichero aive asina kuwanda anogona kubatsira mukugadzirwa kweiyo phytotoxic athari, kuwanikwa kunoda kumwe kutsvagisa mune ramangwana.Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, iyo allelopathic mhedzisiro yealelochemicals ndeyemhando-zvakananga. Jiang et al. akawana kuti mafuta anokosha akabudiswa neArtemisia sieversiana akaita simba rakawanda paAmaranthus retroflexus L. pane Medicago sativa L., Poa annua L., uye Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. [49]. Mune imwe ongororo, mafuta anopisa eLavandula angustifolia Mill. yakagadzira madhigirii akasiyana e phytotoxic mhedzisiro pamhando dzakasiyana dzezvirimwa. Lolium multiflorum Lam. ndiyo yaive yakanyanya kugashira mhando yemhando, hypocotyl uye kukura kukuru kuchidzivirirwa ne87.8% uye 76.7%, zvichiteerana, pamwero we1 μL/mL mafuta, asi kukura kwe hypocotyl yemhodzi yemagaka hakuna kukanganiswa [20]. Zvigumisiro zvedu zvakaratidzawo kuti paiva nekusiyana kwekunzwa kuA. villosum volatiles pakati peL. sativa naL. perenne.Izvo zvinokonzerwa nemafuta uye mafuta anokosha emhando imwe chete anogona kusiyanisa muhuwandu uye / kana hutano nekuda kwemamiriro ekukura, zvikamu zvezvirimwa uye nzira dzekuona. Semuenzaniso, mushumo wakaratidza kuti pyranoid (10.3%) uye β-caryophyllene (6.6%) ndiyo yakasanganiswa zvikuru yezvinoputika zvakabuda kubva pamashizha eSambucus nigra, nepo benzaldehyde (17.8%), α-bulnesene (16.6%) uye tetracosane. (11.5%) aive akawanda mumafuta akatorwa kubva mumashizha [50]. Muchidzidzo chedu, mishonga inoputika yakasunungurwa nemidziyo yemiti mitsva yakanga ine simba realelopathic pamiti yekuedza kupfuura iyo yakabviswa mafuta anopisa, misiyano yekupindura inonyatsoenderana nekusiyana kwealelochemicals iripo mumagadzirirwo maviri. Misiyano chaiyo pakati pemafuta anoputika uye mafuta inoda kuongororwa zvakare mukuedza kunotevera.Misiyano mukusiyana-siyana kwehutachiona uye hutachiona hwenharaunda mumasampuli evhu kwaakange awedzerwa maoiri aienderana nemakwikwi pakati pezvipembenene pamwe nechero huturu hwehupfu uye nguva yemafuta anopisa muvhu. Vokou naLiotiri [51] vakawana kuti kushandiswa kwakasiyana kwemafuta mana akakosha (0.1 mL) kune ivhu rakarimwa (150 g) yakabatiswa kufema kwemasampu evhu, kunyangwe maoiri aisiyana mukugadzirwa kwawo kwemakemikari, zvichiratidza kuti mafuta ezvirimwa anoshandiswa sekabhoni uye sosi yesimba. kuitika ivhu microorganisms. Dhiyabhorosi yakawanikwa kubva kuongororo yemazuva ano yakasimbisa kuti mafuta emiti yose yeA. villosum akabatsira pakuwedzera kuri pachena kwenhamba yezvipembenene zvevhu nezuva re14 mushure mekuwedzera kwemafuta, zvichiratidza kuti mafuta anogona kupa kabhoni kune zvakawanda. ivhu fungi. Imwe ongororo yakashuma zvakawanikwa: ma microorganisms evhu akadzoreredza basa rawo rekutanga uye biomass mushure menguva pfupi yekusiyana kwakakonzerwa nekuwedzerwa kweThymbra capitata L. (Cav) oiri, asi mafuta pachiyero chepamusoro (0.93 µL oiri pagiramu revhu) haana kubvumira tupukanana twevhu kuti tiwanezve kushanda kwekutanga [52]. Muchidzidzo chemazuva ano, zvichibva pakuongorora hutachiona hwevhu mushure mekurapwa nemazuva akasiyana uye huwandu, takafungidzira kuti nharaunda yemabhakitiriya evhu yaizopora mushure memazuva mazhinji. Kusiyana neizvi, iyo fungal microbiota haigone kudzokera kune yayo yekutanga. Mhedzisiro inotevera inosimbisa iyi hypothesis: iyo yakasarudzika mhedzisiro yekunyanya kuwanda kwemafuta pakuumbwa kwevhu fungal microbiome yakaratidzwa neprincipal co-ordinates ongororo (PCoA), uye iyo heatmap mharidzo yakasimbisa zvakare kuti fungal nharaunda kuumbwa kwevhu. kurapwa ne 3.0 mg/mL mafuta (kureva 0.375 mg oiri pagiramu revhu) padanho rejenasi rakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune mamwe marapirwo. Parizvino, tsvagiridzo nezvemhedzisiro yekuwedzerwa kwemonoterpene hydrocarbons kana oxygenated monoterpenes pane ivhu hutachiona siyana uye chimiro chenharaunda chichiri kushomeka. Zvidzidzo zvishomanana zvakashuma kuti α-pinene yakawedzera ivhu microbial chiitiko uye hukama huzhinji hweMethylophilaceae (boka remethylotrophs, Proteobacteria) pasi pehunyoro hwehunyoro, ichiita basa rinokosha se carbon source muvhu rakaoma [53]. Saizvozvo, mafuta anopisa eA. villosum chirimwa chose, chine 15.03% α-pinene (Wedzero Tafura S1), zviri pachena kuti yakawedzera huwandu hwehuwandu hweProteobacteria pa 1.5 mg / mL uye 3.0 mg / mL, iyo yakaratidza kuti α-pinene inogona kuita seimwe ye carbon sources yevhu microorganisms.Mishonga inoputika yakagadzirwa nenhengo dzakasiyana dzeA. villosum yakanga ine madhigirii akasiyana-siyana ealelopathic madhara paL. sativa uye L. perenne, iyo yainyatsoenderana nemakemikari emiti iyo A. villosum plant parts. Kunyange zvazvo kuumbwa kwemakemikari emafuta anopisa akasimbiswa, zvipembenene zvinoputika zvakasunungurwa neA. villosum pakupisa kwekamuri hazvizivikanwi, izvo zvinoda kuongororwa. Uyezve, iyo synergistic mhedzisiro pakati peakasiyana allelochemicals inofanirwawo kutariswa. Panyaya yezvipembenene zvevhu, kuti tiongorore mhedzisiro yemafuta anoputika pazvipembenene zvevhu zvakazara, isu tichiri kuda kuita tsvakiridzo yakadzama: wedzera nguva yekurapa kwemafuta anoputika uye kusiyanisa kusiyanisa kwemakemikari ekuumbwa kwemafuta ari muvhu. pamazuva akasiyana. -
Yakachena Artemisia capillaris mafuta ekenduru uye sipo kugadzira wholesale diffuser yakakosha mafuta matsva ekupisa tsanga diffuser.
Rodent model design
Mhuka idzi dzakakamurwa zvisina tsarukano kuita mapoka mashanu emakonzo gumi neshanu rimwe nerimwe. Boka rekutonga uye mhando dzeboka mbeva dzakagarwa nesesame mafutakwemazuva matanhatu. Positive control group mbeva dzakaiswa gavaged nemapiritsi e-bifendate (BT, 10 mg/kg) kwemazuva matanhatu. Mapoka ekuedza akabatwa ne 100 mg / kg uye 50 mg / kg AEO yakanyungudutswa muSesame mafuta kwemazuva matanhatu. Pazuva rechitanhatu, boka rekutonga rakabatwa nemafuta eesame, uye mamwe mapoka ose akabatwa nedoro rimwe re0.2% CCl4 mumafuta esame (10 ml / kg) ne.intraperitoneal jekiseni. Mbeva dzakabva dzatsanya pasina mvura, uye sampuli dzeropa dzakatorwa kubva mumidziyo yeretrobulbar; ropa rakaunganidzwa raive centrifuged pa 3000 ×gkwe 10 min kuti iparadzanise serum.Cervical dislocationyakaitwa pakarepo mushure mekubviswa kweropa, uye samples dzechiropa dzakabviswa nokukurumidza. Chimwe chikamu chechiropa sampuro chakabva chachengetwa pa -20 ° C kusvika pakuongororwa, uye chimwe chikamu chakabviswa uye chakagadziriswa mu10%formalinmhinduro; matishu akasara akachengetwa pa -80 °C kuti aongorore histopathological (Wang nevamwe, 2008,Hsu et al., 2009,Nie et al., 2015).
Kuyera kweiyo biochemical parameters muserum
Kukuvara kwechiropa kwakaongororwa nekufungidziraenzymatic mabasayeSerum ALT uye AST uchishandisa iyo inoenderana yekutengesa kits zvinoenderana nemirairo yemakiti (Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China). Iyo enzymatic zviitiko zvakaratidzwa sezvikamu parita (U / l).
Kuyera kweMDA, SOD, GSH uye GSH-Pxmuropa homogenates
Matishu echiropa akaiswa homogenized neinotonhora physiological saline pachiyero che1: 9 (w / v, chiropa: saline). Iwo mahomogenates aive centrifuged (2500 ×gkwe10 min) kuunganidza mashura ezvisarudzo zvinotevera. Kukuvara kwechiropa kwakaongororwa maererano nezviyero zvehepatic zveMDA neGSH mazinga pamwe neSOD neGSH-P.xmabasa. Zvese izvi zvakatemerwa kutevedzera mirairo pakiti (Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China). Mhedzisiro yeMDA neGSH yakaratidzwa se nmol per mg protein (nmol/mg prot), uye mabasa eSOD neGSH-P.xzvakaratidzwa seU per mg protein (U/mg prot).
Histopathological analysis
Zvikamu zvechiropa chichangobva kuwanikwa zvakagadziriswa mu10% yakavharwaparaformaldehydephosphate solution. Sample yakazoiswa muparafini, yakachekwa kuita 3-5 μm zvikamu, zvakasvibiswa ne.hematoxylinuyeeosin(H&E) zvinoenderana neyakajairwa maitiro, uye pakupedzisira yakaongororwa namicroscope yakareruka(Tian et al., 2012).
Statistical analysis
Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidzwa seyanoreva ± standard deviation (SD). Mhedzisiro yacho yakaongororwa pachishandiswa nhamba yehurongwa SPSS Statistics, vhezheni 19.0. Iyo data yakaiswa pasi pekuongororwa kwekusiyana (ANOVA,p<0.05) ichiteverwa nebvunzo yaDunnett uye bvunzo yaDunnett T3 kuti vaone kusiyana kwakakosha pakati pezvakakosha zvemapoka akasiyana ekuedza. Musiyano wakakosha wakatariswa pamwero wep<0.05.
Migumisiro uye nhaurirano
Zvikamu zveAEO
Pamusoro peGC / MS kuongororwa, iyo AEO yakawanikwa iine zvikamu makumi maviri neshanu zvakaburitswa kubva ku10 kusvika ku35 min, uye zvikamu makumi maviri neshanu zvinoverengera 84% yemafuta akakosha zvakaonekwa.Tafura 1) Mafuta anopisa aivemomonoterpenoids(80.9%), sesquiterpenoids (9.5%), saturated unbranched hydrocarbons (4.86%) uye zvakasiyana-siyana acetylene (4.86%). Kuenzaniswa nezvimwe zvidzidzo (Guo et al., 2004), takawana akawanda monoterpenoids (80.90%) muAEO. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti iyo yakanyanya kuwanda yeAEO ndeye β-citronellol (16.23%). Zvimwe zvikamu zvikuru zveAEO zvinosanganisira 1,8-cineole (13.9%),camphor(12.59%),linalool(11.33%), α-pinene (7.21%), β-pinene (3.99%),thymol(3.22%) uyemyrcene(2.02%). Musiyano mukuumbwa kwemakemikari unogona kunge uchienderana nemamiriro ekunze ayo chirimwa chakafumurwa, senge mineral water, chiedza chezuva, nhanho yekukura uye.chikafu.
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2.1. Kugadzirira kweSDE
Iyo rhizomes yeSD yakatengwa semuriwo wakaomeswa kubva kuHanherb Co. (Guri, Korea). Zvigadzirwa zvemiti zvakasimbiswa taxonomically naDr. Go-Ya Choi weKorea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM). Muenzaniso wevhocha (nhamba 2014 SDE-6) yakaiswa muKorea Herbarium yeStandard Herbal Resources. Dried rhizomes yeSD (320 g) yakatorwa kaviri ne 70% ethanol (ine 2 h reflux) uye iyo yakatorwa yakabva yaiswa pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaderedzwa. Iyo decoction yakasefa, yakanyungudutswa, uye yakachengetwa pa4 ° C. Kukohwa kweakaomeswa akaomeswa kubva kune zvisina kusimba ekutanga zvinhu aive 48.13% (w/w).
2.2. Quantitative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Analysis
Chromatographic analysis yakaitwa neHPLC system (Waters Co., Milford, MA, USA) uye photodiode array detector. Kune iyo HPLC kuongororwa kweSDE, iyo yekutanga-O-glucosylcimifugin standard yakatengwa kubva kuKorea Promotion Institute yeTraditional Medicine Industry (Gyeongsan, Korea), uyesec-O-glucosylhamaudol uye 4′-O-βD-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol yakaparadzaniswa mukati merabhoritari yedu uye yakaonekwa ne spectral analyses, kunyanya neNMR uye MS.
SDE samples (0.1 mg) yakanyungudika mu70% ethanol (10 mL). Kupatsanurwa kweChromatographic kwakaitwa neXSelect HSS T3 C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5μm, Waters Co., Milford, MA, USA). Chikamu chekufambisa chaive neacetonitrile (A) uye 0.1% acetic acid mumvura (B) pamwero wekuyerera we 1.0 mL / min. A multistep gradient program yakashandiswa sezvinotevera: 5% A (0 min), 5–20% A (0–10 min), 20% A (10–23 min), uye 20–65% A (23–40 min. ) Iyo yekuona wavelength yakaongororwa pa210-400 nm uye yakanyorwa pa254 nm. Iro jekiseni vhoriyamu yaive 10.0μL. Yakajairwa mhinduro yekugadzwa kwemakromone matatu yakagadzirirwa pachikamu chekupedzisira che7.781 mg/mL (prim-O-glucosylcimifugin), 31.125 mg/mL (4′-O-βD-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol), uye 31.125 mg/mL (sec-O-glucosylhamaudol) mumethanol uye yakachengetwa pa4°C.
2.3. Kuongororwa kweAnti-Inflammatory ActivityIn Vitro
2.3.1. Cell Culture uye Sample Treatment
RAW 264.7 masero akawanikwa kubva kuAmerican Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) uye akakurira muDMEM medium ine 1% antibiotics uye 5.5% FBS. Masero akaiswa mumhepo ine humidified ye5% CO2 pa37°C. Kukurudzira masero, iyo yepakati yakatsiviwa neDMEM mitsva yepakati, uye lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) pa1μg/mL yakawedzerwa mukuvapo kana kusavapo kweSDE (200 kana 400μg/mL) kwemamwe 24 h.
2.3.2. Kutsunga kweNitric Oxide (NO), Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α), uye Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Kugadzirwa
Masero akabatwa neSDE uye akakurudzirwa neLPS ye24 h. HAPANA kugadzirwa kwakaongororwa nekuyera nitrite uchishandisa iyo Griess reagent maererano neongororo yapfuura [12]. Secretion yezvinoputika cytokines PGE2, TNF-α, uye IL-6 yakatemerwa kushandisa ELISA kit (R&D masisitimu) zvinoenderana nemirairo yemugadziri. Mhedzisiro yeSDE paNO uye cytokine kugadzirwa kwakatemwa pa540 nm kana 450 nm uchishandisa Wallac EnVision.™microplate reader (PerkinElmer).
2.4. Kuongororwa kweAntiosteoarthritis ActivityMuVivo
2.4.1. Mhuka
Male Sprague-Dawley rats (7 mavhiki ekuberekwa) akatengwa kubva kuSamtako Inc. (Osan, Korea) uye akachengetwa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadzora ane 12-h chiedza / rima kutenderera pa.°C uye% humidity. Makonzo akapiwa chikafu chemurabhoritari nemvuraad libitum. Maitiro ese ekuyedza akaitwa achiteerana neNational Institutes of Health (NIH) nhungamiro uye yakatenderwa neAnimal Care uye Use Committee yeyunivhesiti yeDaejeon (Daejeon, republic yeKorea).
2.4.2. Induction yeOA ine MIA mumakonzo
Mhuka dzacho dzaive dzakarongeka uye dzakagoverwa kumapoka ekurapa kusati kwatanga chidzidzo (paboka). MIA mhinduro (3 mg/50μL ye0.9% saline) yakanyatsoiswa mu intra-articular space yemabvi orudyi pasi peanesthesia inokonzerwa nemusanganiswa we ketamine uye xylazine. Makonzo akapatsanurwa zvisina tsarukano mumapoka mana: (1) boka resaline risina jekiseni reMIA, (2) boka reMIA rine jekiseni reMIA, (3) boka rinorapwa SDE (200 mg/kg) ine jekiseni reMIA, uye (4) ) boka rinorapwa indomethacin- (IM-) (2 mg/kg) ine jekiseni reMIA. Makonzo aipihwa nemuromo neSDE uye IM 1 vhiki pamberi peMIA jekiseni kwemavhiki e4. Muyero weSDE uye IM wakashandiswa muchidzidzo ichi waive wakavakirwa pane vakamboshanda muzvidzidzo zvekare [10,13,14].
2.4.3. Zviyero zveHindpaw Weight-Bearing Distribution
Mushure meOA induction, chiyero chepakutanga mukuremerwa kwekugona kwehindpaws chakakanganiswa. An incapacitance tester (Linton instrumentation, Norfolk, UK) yakashandiswa kuongorora shanduko mukuremerwa kwekutakura. Makonzo ainyatsoiswa mukamuri rokuyeresa. Simba rekusimudza huremu rinoitwa negumbo rekumashure rakaitwa pakati penguva ye3 s. Huremu hwekugovanisa huremu hwakaverengerwa neinotevera equation: [huremu kuruoko rwerudyi / (huremu kuruoko rwerudyi + uremu kuruoko rweruboshwe)] × 100 [15].
2.4.4. Zviyero zveSerum Cytokine Levels
Zviyero zveropa zvaive centrifuged pa 1,500 g ye 10 min pa 4 ° C; zvino serum yakaunganidzwa uye yakachengetwa pa −70 ° C kusvikira yashandiswa. Iwo mazinga eIL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, uye PGE2 muserum yakayerwa uchishandisa ELISA kits kubva kuR&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA) maererano nemirairo yemugadziri.
2.4.5. Real-Nguva Quantitative RT-PCR Analysis
Yese RNA yakatorwa kubva mumabvi akabatanidzwa tishu uchishandisa TRI reagent® (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), reverse-yakanyorwa mu cDNA uye PCR-yakasimudzwa uchishandisa TM Imwe Nhanho RT PCR kit ine SYBR yegirini (Applied Biosystems. , Grand Island, NY, USA). Real-time quantitative PCR yakaitwa pachishandiswa Applied Biosystems 7500 Real-Time PCR system (Applied Biosystems, Grand Island, NY, USA). The primer sequences uye probe-sequence inoratidzwa muTable1. Aliquots yemasampuli cDNAs uye yakaenzana huwandu hweGAPDH cDNA yakakwidziridzwa neTaqMan® Universal PCR master musanganiswa ine DNA polymerase zvinoenderana nemirairo yemugadziri (Applied Biosystems, Foster, CA, USA). PCR mamiriro aiva 2 min pa 50 ° C, 10 min pa 94 ° C, 15 s pa 95 ° C, uye 1 min pa 60 ° C ye 40 mitsara. Iko kusungirirwa kwejini rinotarirwa kwakatemwa uchishandisa iyo yekuenzanisa Ct (chikumbaridzo kutenderera nhamba pamuchinjiko-pakati pakati pekukudza chidziro uye chikumbaridzo) nzira, zvinoenderana nemirairo yemugadziri.
