tsananguro pfupi:
Iyo Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) inoda kuti methanol yakatorwa yeYCH haifanirwe kunge iri pasi pe20.0% [2], pasina humwe hutano hwekuongorora zviratidzo hunotsanangurwa. Mhedzisiro yechidzidzo ichi inoratidza kuti zviri mukati memethanol yakatorwa yemusango uye yakarimwa samples zvese zvakasangana neiyo pharmacopoeia standard, uye pakanga pasina musiyano wakakosha pakati pawo. Naizvozvo, pakanga pasina mutsauko wemhando pakati pemasampuli emusango uye akarimwa, maererano neiyo index. Nekudaro, zviri mukati meiyo yakazara sterols uye yakazara flavonoids mumasampunzi emusango aive akanyanya kukwirira kupfuura ayo ari mumasampuri akarimwa. Kumwe kuongorora kwemetabolomic kwakaratidza kuwanda kwemetabolite siyana pakati pemusango uye akarimwa samples. Pamusoro pezvo, 97 akasiyana akasiyana metabolites akaongororwa kunze, ayo akanyorwa muYekuwedzera Tafura S2. Pakati peizvi zvakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana zvemetabolites ndeye β-sitosterol (ID ndeyeM397T42) uye quercetin derivatives (M447T204_2), iyo yakashumwa kuva inoshandiswa. Zvakanga zvisati zvambotaurwa, zvakadai se trigonelline (M138T291_2), betaine (M118T277_2), fustin (M269T36), rotenone (M241T189), arctiin (M557T165) uye loganic acid (M399T284 yakasiyana), metabolis yakabatanidzwawo. Izvi zvikamu zvinotamba mabasa akasiyana-siyana mu-anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, scavening free radicals, anti-cancer uye kurapa atherosclerosis uye, naizvozvo, inogona kuumba putative novel inoshanda zvikamu muYCH. Zviri mukati mezvishandiso zvinoshandiswa zvinotarisa kushanda uye kunaka kwemishonga yemishonga [7]. Muchidimbu, methanol inobvisa seye chete YCH mhando yekuongorora indekisi ine zvimwe zvinogumira, uye mamwe chaiwo emhando mamaki anofanirwa kuongororwa. Pakanga pane misiyano yakakura mumasterols, yakazara flavonoids uye zviri mukati memamwe akawanda akasiyana metabolites pakati pemusango uye akarimwa YCH; saka, pakanga paine zvingangoita zvimwe zvekusiyana kwemhando pakati pavo. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo ichangobva kuwanikwa inogona kushanda muYCH inogona kuve yakakosha yereferensi kukosha kwekudzidza kweiyo inoshanda hwaro hweYCH uye nekumwe kusimudzira kweYCH zviwanikwa.
Kukosha kwemishonga yechokwadi kwagara kuchizivikanwa munharaunda chaiyo yekugadzira mishonga yemakwenzi yeChinese yemhando yepamusoro [
8]. Hunhu hwepamusoro hunhu hwakakosha hwezvinhu zvechokwadi zvekurapa, uye pekugara chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kunaka kwezvinhu zvakadaro. Kubva pakatanga YCH kushandiswa semushonga, yagara ichitongwa neYCH yemusango. Kutevera kusimo kwakabudirira uye kuitwa mudzimba kweYCH muNingxia muma1980s, kwainobva Yinchaihu mishonga yemishonga zvishoma nezvishoma yakachinja kubva kusango kuenda kwairimwa YCH. Maererano nekuferefeta kwekare kune YCH masosi [
9] uye kuferefetwa kwemumunda kweboka redu rekutsvagisa, pane misiyano yakakura munzvimbo dzekugovera dzezvakarimwa uye zvesango zvemishonga. Sango YCH inonyanya kugoverwa muNingxia Hui Autonomous Dunhu reShaanxi Province, padyo nenzvimbo yakaoma yeInner Mongolia uye nechepakati Ningxia. Kunyanya, nzvimbo yerenje munzvimbo idzi ndiyo yakanyanya kukodzera nzvimbo yekukura kweYCH. Kusiyana neizvi, iyo YCH yakarimwa inonyanya kugoverwa kumaodzanyemba kwenzvimbo yekugovera yesango, seTongxin County (Inorimwa I) nenzvimbo dzayo dzakatenderedza, iyo yave nzvimbo huru yekurima nekugadzira muChina, uye Pengyang County (Yakarimwa II) , iyo iri munzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba uye iri imwe nzvimbo inorimwa YCH. Uyezve, nzvimbo dzekugara dzenzvimbo mbiri dziri pamusoro dzakarimwa hadzisi gwenga. Naizvozvo, mukuwedzera kune maitiro ekugadzira, kune zvakare misiyano yakakura munzvimbo yekugara yemusango uye yakarimwa YCH. Habitat chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kunaka kwemishonga yemakwenzi. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekugara dzichakanganisa kuumbwa uye kuunganidzwa kwechipiri metabolites mumiti, nokudaro zvichikanganisa kunaka kwemishonga yemishonga [
10,
11]. Nokudaro, kusiyana kwakakosha kwezviri mukati meflavonoid yakazara uye yakazara sterols uye kutaura kwe53 metabolites yatakawana muchidzidzo ichi inogona kuva mugumisiro wekutarisira munda uye kusiyana kwekugara.
Imwe yenzira huru idzo nharaunda inopesvedzera kunaka kwemishonga yemishonga ndeyekuita kushushikana pazvinobva zvinomera. Kushungurudzika kwepakati pezvakatipoteredza kunowanzokurudzira kuunganidzwa kwechipiri metabolites [
12,
13]. Kukura/kusiyanisa kuenzanisa hypothesis inotaura kuti, kana kudya kuri kukwana, zvirimwa zvinokura zvakanyanya, nepo chikafu chikashaikwa, zvinomera zvinonyanya kusiyanisa uye kugadzira mamwe echipiri metabolites [
14]. Kusanaya kwemvura kunokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwemvura ndiko kushushikana kukuru kwezvakatipoteredza kunotarisana nezvirimwa munzvimbo dzakaoma. Muchidzidzo ichi, mamiriro emvura yeYCH yakarimwa yakawanda, uye gore negore mazinga ekunaya akakwirira zvakanyanya kudarika ayo emusango YCH (mvura yeKurimwa I yakaenzana ne2 iyo yeWild; Yakarimwa II yaive yakapetwa ka3.5 iyo yeWild ) Mukuwedzera, ivhu remusango ivhu rejecha, asi ivhu rekurima ivhu revhu. Kana ichienzaniswa nevhu, ivhu rejecha harina simba rekuchengetedza mvura uye rinowanzoita kuti kusanaya kwemvura kuwedzere. Panguva imwe cheteyo, nzira yokurima yaiwanzoperekedzwa nokudiridza, naizvozvo mwero wokusanaya kwemvura wakanga wakaderera. Yemusango YCH inokura munzvimbo dzakaomarara dzechisikigo dzakaoma, uye nekudaro inogona kutambudzika zvakanyanya kusanaya kwemvura.
Osmoregulation inzira yakakosha yefiziological iyo zvirimwa zvinotarisana nekusanaya kwemvura, uye alkaloids inokosha osmotic regulators mumiti yakakwirira.
15]. Betaines inonyungudika nemvura alkaloid quaternary ammonium makomisheni uye inogona kuita seosmoprotectants. Kusanaya kwemvura kunogona kuderedza kukwanisa kweosmotic yemasero, nepo osmoprotectants inochengetedza uye inochengetedza chimiro uye kuvimbika kwebiological macromolecules, uye zvinobudirira kuderedza kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nekusanaya kwemvura kumiti [
16]. Semuenzaniso, pasi pekusanaya kwekusanaya, iyo betaine yehuga beet uye Lycium barbarum yakawedzera zvakanyanya.
17,
18]. Trigonelline inodzora kukura kwesero, uye pasi pekusanaya kwekusanaya, inogona kuwedzera hurefu hwechirimwa sero kutenderera, inhibitsa kukura kwesero uye kutungamirira kune sero vhoriyamu shrinkage. Kuwedzera kwehukama mukusangana kwesolute muchitokisi kunoita kuti chirimwa chiwane osmotic regulation uye kuwedzera kugona kwayo kurwisa kusanaya kwemvura [
19]. JIA X [
20] vakawana kuti, nekuwedzera kwekusanaya kwemvura, Astragalus membranaceus (tsime remishonga yechinyakare yeChinese) yakagadzira trigonelline yakawanda, iyo inoshanda kugadzirisa kugona kweosmotic uye kuvandudza kugona kurwisa kusanaya kwemvura. Flavonoids yakaratidzawo kuita basa rakakosha mukurwisa kwechirimwa kusanaya kwemvura [
21,
22]. Nhamba huru yezvidzidzo yakasimbisa kuti kusanaya kwemvura kwakadzikama kwakakonzera kuunganidzwa kweflavonoids. Lang Duo-Yong et al. [
23] akaenzanisa migumisiro yekusanaya kwemvura paYCH nekudzora simba rekuchengetedza mvura mumunda. Zvakaonekwa kuti kusanaya kwemvura kwakadzivisa kukura kwemidzi kune imwe nhanho, asi mune imwe nguva uye yakaoma kusanaya kwemvura (40% yemvura yemunda inobata simba), iyo yose ye flavonoid content muYCH yakawedzera. Zvichakadaro, pasi pekusanaya kwekusanaya, phytosterols inogona kuita kudzora sero membrane fluidity uye permeability, inhibit kurasikirwa kwemvura uye kuvandudza kusagadzikana kusagadzikana [
24,
25]. Naizvozvo, kuwedzera kuunganidzwa kwese flavonoids, yakazara sterols, betaine, trigonelline uye mamwe echipiri metabolites musango YCH angave ane chekuita nekusanaya kwekusanaya kwemvura.
Muchidzidzo ichi, KEGG nzira yekuvandudza ongororo yakaitwa pamatabolites akawanikwa akasiyana zvakanyanya pakati pemusango uye akarimwa YCH. Iyo yakafumiswa metabolites yaisanganisira avo vanobatanidzwa munzira dze ascorbate uye aldarate metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, histidine metabolism uye beta-alanine metabolism. Idzi nzira dzemetabolism dzine hukama zvakanyanya nekudyara kusagadzikana kwemaitiro nzira. Pakati pavo, ascorbate metabolism inoita basa rinokosha mukugadzirwa kwe antioxidant, kabhoni uye nitrogen metabolism, kusagadzikana kwepfungwa uye mamwe mabasa ehupenyu.
26]; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis inzira yakakosha yekugadzira mapuroteni [
27,
28], iyo inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kweprotein isingadzivisiki. Zvose histidine uye β-alanine nzira dzinogona kuwedzera kushivirira kwechirimwa kune kushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza [
29,
30]. Izvi zvakare zvinoratidza kuti kusiyana kwematabolites pakati pemusango uye yakasimwa YCH yaive yakabatana zvakanyanya nemaitiro ekudzvinyirira kusagadzikana.
Ivhu ndiro hwaro hwezvinhu zvekukura nekuvandudzwa kwemiti yemishonga. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) ne potassium (K) muvhu zvinhu zvakakosha zvekudya pakukura nekukura kwembesa. Ivhu organic zvinhu zvakare ine N, P, K, Zn, Ca, Mg uye mamwe macroelements uye trace elements inodiwa pamiti yemishonga. Kuwedzeredza kana kushomeka kudya kunovaka muviri, kana kusaenzana kwehuwandu hwekudya, kuchakanganisa kukura nekukura uye kunaka kwemishonga yemishonga, uye zvirimwa zvakasiyana zvine zvinovaka zvakasiyana zvinodiwa [
31,
32,
33]. Semuenzaniso, kuderera kweN kushushikana kwakasimudzira kuumbwa kwealkaloids muIsatis indigotica, uye kwaive kwakanakira kuunganidzwa kweflavonoids mumiti yakadai seTetrastigma hemsleyanum, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge uye Dichondra repens Forst. Kusiyana neizvi, N yakawandisa yakadzivisa kuunganidzwa kweflavonoids mumarudzi akadai seErigeron breviscapus, Abrus canntoniensis uye Ginkgo biloba, uye yakakanganisa kunaka kwemishonga.
34]. Kushandiswa kweP fetiraiza kwakabudirira mukuwedzera zvirimo zve glycyrrhizic acid uye dihydroacetone muUral licorice [
35]. Apo mari yekushandiswa yakapfuura 0 · 12 kg · m-2, iyo yose flavonoid yemukati muTussilago farfara yakaderera [
36]. Kuiswa kwefetereza yeP kwakakanganisa zviri mukati mepolysaccharides mumishonga yechivanhu yechiChinese rhizoma polygonati [
37], asi fetereza yeK yaibudirira mukuwedzera ma<em>saponins [
38]. Kuisa 450 kg·hm−2 K fetereza ndiyo yaive yakanakisa pakukura nekuunganidza saponin yePanax notoginseng ane makore maviri ekuberekwa [
39]. Pasi pechiyero cheN: P: K = 2: 2: 1, huwandu hwehuwandu hwe hydrothermal extract, harpagide uye harpagoside dzaive dzakakwirira [
40]. Chiyero chepamusoro cheN, P uye K chaibatsira kukurudzira kukura kwePogostemon cablin uye kuwedzera zvinyorwa zvemafuta anopisa. Chiyero chakaderera cheN, P uye K chakawedzera zviri mukati mezvikamu zvikuru zvinoshanda zvePogostemon cablin stem mafuta emashizha [
41]. YCH inomera isingabereki-inoshivirira ivhu, uye inogona kunge iine zvinodiwa kune zvinovaka muviri zvakaita seN, P uye K. Muchidzidzo ichi, zvichienzaniswa neyakarimwa YCH, ivhu remusango YCH zvirimwa rakanga risingabereki: zviri mukati mevhu. yeorganic matter, N, yakazara P uye K yese yaive ingangoita 1/10, 1/2, 1/3 uye 1/3 iyo yemiti yakarimwa, zvichiteerana. Nokudaro, kusiyana kwekudya kwevhu kunogona kuva chimwe chikonzero chekusiyana kwemetabolites inowanikwa muYCH yakarimwa uye yemusango. Weibao Ma et al. [
42] vakaona kuti kuiswa kweimwe huwandu hwefetereza yeN neP fetireza yakavandudza goho uye kunaka kwembeu. Nekudaro, mhedzisiro yezvinovaka muviri pamhando yeYCH haina kujeka, uye matanho ekuisa mafetiraiza ekuvandudza kunaka kwemishonga yemishonga inoda kumwe kudzidza.
Mishonga yemakwenzi yeChinese ine maitiro ekuti "Nzvimbo dzakanaka dzinosimudzira goho, uye nzvimbo dzisina kunaka dzinovandudza kunaka" [
43]. Mukati mekufamba zvishoma nezvishoma kubva kusango kuenda kuYCH yakarimwa, nzvimbo yekugara yezvirimwa yakashanduka kubva kugwenga rakaoma uye risina chinhu kuenda kumunda wekurima wakaorera uine mvura yakawanda. Hugaro hweYCH yakarimwa huri pamusoro uye goho riri pamusoro, izvo zvinobatsira kuzadzisa kudiwa kwemusika. Zvisinei, iyi nzvimbo yepamusoro yakatungamirira kuchinja kukuru mumatabolites eYCH; kana izvi zvichibatsira kuvandudza kunaka kweYCH uye kuti ungawana sei kugadzirwa kwepamusoro kweYCH kuburikidza nesainzi-based kurima matanho kunoda kumwe kutsvagisa.
Simulative habitat cultivation inzira yekufananidza mamiriro ekugara uye ezvakatipoteredza emiti yemishonga yemusango, zvichibva paruzivo rwekugadziriswa kwenguva refu kwezvirimwa kune zvakatipoteredza zvinonetsa [
43]. Nokuenzanisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvakatipoteredza zvinokanganisa zvinomera zvesango, kunyanya nzvimbo yepakutanga yemiti inoshandiswa semabviro ezvinyorwa zvemishonga yechokwadi, nzira yacho inoshandisa dhizaini yesainzi uye kupindira kwevanhu kutsva kuenzanisa kukura uye chechipiri metabolism yemiti yemishonga yeChina [
43]. Nzira idzi dzine chinangwa chekuzadzisa zvirongwa zvakakwana zvekugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro yemishonga yemishonga. Simulative kurima kwekugara kunofanirwa kupa nzira inoshanda yemhando yepamusoro yekugadzirwa kweYCH kunyangwe iyo pharmacodynamic hwaro, mhando mamaki uye nzira dzekupindura kune zvakatipoteredza zvinhu zvisina kujeka. Saizvozvo, isu tinokurudzira kuti dhizaini yesainzi uye nhanho dzekutarisira munda mukurima nekugadzirwa kweYCH kunofanirwa kuitwa maererano nemamiriro ekunze emusango YCH, sekuoma, kusabereka uye nejecha mamiriro evhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinotarisirwawo kuti vatsvakurudzi vachaita tsvakurudzo yakadzama pamusoro pezvinhu zvinoshanda uye zviratidzo zveYCH. Zvidzidzo izvi zvinogona kupa maitiro ekuongorora anoshanda eYCH, uye kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwemhando yepamusoro uye kusimudzira kwakasimba kweindasitiri.
